Thin Film Solar Cell

pilfer solar might is quite hardly the energy formulated directly from the sun and collected elsewhere, namely the Earth. photovoltaic technology directly converts solar energy into electricity. photovoltaic cut down occupy solar carrells ar tripping to handle , inexpensive and to a fault diff utilize to habit. lissome burgeon forth panel is tensile and potentiometer inhabit a bullet tidy sum without failing and basis greatly increase the start atomic number 18a and the preoccupation coefficient needed to generate electricity. This paper will dispute the advantages and disadvantages of the sparse- drive solar stallular phone and to a fault run a extensive its application and how its work.Introduction The solar stall is the current technology slightly the world. The solar jail cadre is also called a renewable energy source, beca make use of the capture the sun and convert it into the electrical energy. There be some(prenominal)(predicate) casef uls of solar booths, nevertheless the most important champion is a thin- film solar kioskular phone. It is cost stiff and its efficiency is great than the opposite types of solar cells equivalent thin film dye sanitized solar cell . solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly from the sun and collected elsewhere. entirely solar cells argon made of ti.Thin- Film photovoltaic technology directly converts solar energy into electricity. solar cells are made out of semiconducting material, ordinarily atomic number 14. The process of making a solar cell begins with taking a slice of highly purified ti crystal, and then processing it through several stages involving in vitiated stages heating and cooling. Solar cells are ground on semiconductor physics they are essentially dependable a P-N adjunction photo-diodes with a really elephantine get away-sensitive area. An other(a)(a) third estate material for thin- film cells include atomic number 31 Aarseni de (GaAs), Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, and tabun Phosphide.The most common types of photovoltaic cells are single-junction, multi-junction, and thin-film. A thin film panel is flexible and can tolerate a bullet hole without failing and can greatly increase the surface area and the absorption coefficient needed to generate electricity. Multi-junction solar cells are most commonly utilise in solar concentrating applications such as satellites in space. immediately we use solar role to do many things. We use solar authority for e reallything from computers to large bureau plants that can power large cities. The most common applications for solar panels are used for small evices. The Solar cell technology research is continuing to bring forth low-cost high-efficiency elements and the latest approaches in solar cell designs. Some countries do not gather in petroleum or do not demand comely political and economic power to buy it or to produce it, but they receive more sunn iness than others. The solar cell technology is rapidly increase in those countries than the others, and it also grows winged in atomic number 20 than in Washington. Poly crystalline thin-film solar cells are based on those compounds which present the efficiencies up to 19. 2%. Nowadays, it is change magnitude by 20. 4%.The Swiss Federal Laboratories for material Science and Technology has recently developed a new thin-film solar cell with an efficiency of 20. 4%. Those cells are based on CIGS (copper indium gallium (DI) selenide) semiconductor material. The band gap on the covert of the solar cell around 1. 6-1. 8 EV. The thin-film solar cells should be design by single-junction and also two- junction devices commonly used CIGS and CdZnTe. There are quartette incompatible types of thin-film solar cell. 1. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. compact disk telluride (CdTe) 3. Copper indium gallium selenide (CIS/CIGS) 4. Organic photovoltaic cells (OPC) How Thin-Film Solar Cell WorksTh in-film solar cells are also called new generation of solar cell. This cell contains octuple layers of PV material. This new generation solar cells produce over 3700 megawatts of electrical energy in 2010. The of import difference between the structure of normal silicon solar cells and thin film silicon solar cell is the thin flexible arrangement of the variant layer as is intendn as figure (1). The only advantage of that layer is to get to a greater surface area for sunniness absorption and also it is very low weight and easy to use in cars and small devices. Figure (1) We use calculator everyday in our normal daily routine.These solar powered calculators have a small solar cell at the top corner of the calculator. These cells are built with thin film technology. Most of them are very small about an inch long and ? inch wide. The thin-film solar cells are very thin thats why they Called thin-film solar cell. Thin-film solar cell is different than the silicon wafer. Silicon wa fer and thin-film solar cell have a light absorbing layer, but only difference is the thickness. The silicon wafer has 350 microns thick,but the thin-film solar cell has only one micron, and as result thin-film solar cell is very light weight compared to other solar cells.Thin-film solar cells are made of several layers. Those all layer helps to absorb light. As you can see in the figure (2). (Different layers in thin-film solar cell) Figure (2) On the other hand, some thin-film solar cell required the three functional layers from the multiple layers in a solar cell. These three have different important function. In the figure (a), show the front contact and back contact layers which have only one job to do and thats is to provide the electrical contact with the solar cell from the outside the world. The figure (a) shows the basic theory of the different layer stack of the thin-film solar cell.Thin -film solar cell implemented by the different ship canal , but the three most common inorganic technologies are CuSe2 , CdTe solar cell, and also thin-film solar cell which has an amorphous and microcrystalline silicon absorber. There are three major types of thin-film solar cell. 1. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) 3. Copper indium gallium deselenide (CIGS). The (a-Si) solar cell is very commonly used and also easy to understand and implement it, but on that point are two major problems that cause this type of solar cell to have some drawbacks.The send-off problem is, silicon is very hard to mention the market and buy it , because its demand often exceeds the supply. The secondly thing is, this type of solar cell has very low efficiency. This type of solar cell is also very thinner so they absorb sunlight in very less and on the other hand, they do not have enough power to absorb more. Therefore, they used in calculator and other very small and low power consume devices. The Advantages of Thin-Film Solar Cell1. Thin-film solar cell is very cheaper than the silicon solar cell2. They are also available in thin wafer sheet.3.More flexible and very easy to handle it.4. less(prenominal) thinner than crystalline solar cell. It can be as thin . 001 mm or more, but the crystalline solar cells are . 15-. 2 mm thick.5. Easy to install on the rooftop with a rugged mounting system with proclivity at a fixed degree.6. Thin film solar cells have better performance in the hot weather. See table (1) below.Table (1) The efficiency of solar panel /% Temperature /degree a-Si thin film guileless 25 (STC) 10 16 35 8 11 45 6 6 50 5 3. 5 The Disadvantages of Thin-Film Solar Cell 1. Less efficient than the normal standard silicon and crystalline solar cell.See table (2) below. Table (2) build Crystalline Efficiency Drop Light San Francisco corrupt 8%-15% Heavy San Francisco fog 15%-20% knotty & raining 20% 50% Heavy boggy & raining 50% 90% 2. They have complex structure. 3. Different version requires its own unique knowledgeablen ess skills. 4. They are also not available for aerospace applications. 5. They faster to degrade than the other solar cells thats why they always come with a shorter warranty. 6. They require a huge space so they are not good for most residential situations. Applications Of Thin-Film solar cellThin-film solar cell panels are used in many power applications. They are also used for outdoor and energy generating applications. These cells are very light weight and easy to use in homes and small business. They can be installed on the rooftops of the most homes. They use calculators, cars and other portable electronics. They are also used in cloths also enables the powering the iPod, iPad, and cell phones during the hiking. Thin film solar cells are used in supple charger and led lights. Conclusion The advancement of photovoltaic thin film solar cell is change magnitude rapidly.The development and decisions on materials used in PV thin film solar cell are crucial when trying to achieve optimal performance for a good price. The discovery of the photoelectric effect and the archetype of photons sparked interest of finding more ways to create efficient PV cells. The decisions on what materials to use in PV cells have paved the way for new developments and increased efficiency. When the premier thin film solar cell was created it was around 1% efficient and with todays innovations and design decisions efficiencies are now able to achieve up to 20. %. If this trend to improvement continues the way it has been over the medieval 40 years then the technology may pave the way for complete solar power generations . References 1. Harris, William. How Thin-film Solar Cells Work 07 April 2008. HowStuffWorks. com. 22 march 2013. 2. Mathias Aarre M? hlum. Which Solar Panel Types is Best Internet http//energyinformative. org/best-solar-panel-monocrystalline-polycrystalline